# Wall Construction Templates
### Wall Type 1: Standard Wood Frame Exterior Wall
**Basic residential construction - most common in North America**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| --------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Exterior | Vinyl siding | 1/4" | 6 mm | k = 0.087 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.151 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| Weather barrier | Building wrap (Class III) | - | - | - | - |
| Sheathing | OSB | 7/16" | 11 mm | k = 0.077 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.133 W/(m·K) | R-0.5 (RSI-0.09) |
| Structure | Wood studs (16" OC) | 5-1/2" (2x6) | 140 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | R-6.9 (RSI-1.21) |
| Insulation | Fiberglass batt | 5-1/2" | 140 mm | k = 0.027 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.047 W/(m·K) | R-21 (RSI-3.7) |
| Vapor barrier | Polyethylene sheet (Class I) | 6 mil | 0.15 mm | - | - |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Wall: 6-3/4" (171 mm) | R-21 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-3.7 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 2: Brick Veneer Wall
**Traditional masonry appearance with wood frame backup**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| --------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Exterior | Brick veneer | 4" | 100 mm | k = 0.45 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.78 W/(m·K) | R-0.8 (RSI-0.14) |
| **Air cavity** | **Ventilated cavity with weep holes** | **1"** | **25 mm** | **-** | **R-1.0 (RSI-0.18)** |
| Weather barrier | Building wrap (Class III) | - | - | - | - |
| Sheathing | OSB | 7/16" | 11 mm | k = 0.077 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.133 W/(m·K) | R-0.5 (RSI-0.09) |
| Structure | Wood studs (16" OC) | 5-1/2" (2x6) | 140 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | R-6.9 (RSI-1.21) |
| Insulation | Fiberglass batt | 5-1/2" | 140 mm | k = 0.027 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.047 W/(m·K) | R-21 (RSI-3.7) |
| Vapor retarder | Kraft facing (Class III) | - | - | - | - |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Wall: 11-7/16" (290 mm) | R-23.7 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-4.2 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 3: EIFS (Exterior Insulation Finish System)
**Synthetic stucco with integrated foam insulation**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| ----------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Exterior | Acrylic finish coat | 1/8" | 3 mm | k = 0.116 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.201 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| Reinforcement | Mesh embedded in base coat | 1/8" | 3 mm | - | - |
| Insulation | EPS rigid foam board | 2" | 50 mm | k = 0.024 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.041 W/(m·K) | R-8 (RSI-1.4) |
| Attachment | Adhesive | - | - | - | - |
| Sheathing | OSB | 7/16" | 11 mm | k = 0.077 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.133 W/(m·K) | R-0.5 (RSI-0.09) |
| Structure | Wood studs (16" OC) | 5-1/2" (2x6) | 140 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | R-6.9 (RSI-1.21) |
| Cavity insulation | Fiberglass batt | 5-1/2" | 140 mm | k = 0.027 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.047 W/(m·K) | R-21 (RSI-3.7) |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Wall: 8-3/4" (222 mm) | R-30 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-5.3 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 4: CMU (Concrete Masonry Unit) Wall
**Concrete block construction for commercial/industrial buildings**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| ----------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Exterior | Stucco finish | 3/4" | 19 mm | k = 0.41 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.71 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| Structure | Concrete masonry units (fully grouted) | 8" | 200 mm | k = 0.58 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 1.00 W/(m·K) | R-1.2 (RSI-0.21) |
| Insulation | Rigid XPS foam board | 2" | 50 mm | k = 0.020 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.035 W/(m·K) | R-10 (RSI-1.76) |
| Furring | Steel studs (24" OC) | 2-1/2" | 64 mm | k = 314 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 543.5 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| Cavity insulation | Fiberglass batt | 2-1/2" | 64 mm | k = 0.027 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.047 W/(m·K) | R-9 (RSI-1.6) |
| Vapor retarder | Polyethylene sheet (Class I) | 6 mil | 0.15 mm | - | - |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 5/8" | 16 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.56 (RSI-0.10) |
**Total Wall: 14-3/8" (365 mm) | R-21 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-3.7 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 5: Metal Stud Commercial Wall
**Non-combustible construction for multi-story buildings**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| --------------- | --------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Exterior | Metal panel system | 1" | 25 mm | k = 314 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 543.5 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| **Air cavity** | **Ventilated cavity with weep holes** | **1"** | **25 mm** | **-** | **R-1.0 (RSI-0.18)** |
| Weather barrier | Air/weather barrier membrane (Class II) | - | - | - | - |
| Sheathing | Exterior gypsum sheathing | 5/8" | 16 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.56 (RSI-0.10) |
| Structure | Steel studs (24" OC) | 6" | 152 mm | k = 314 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 543.5 W/(m·K) | Thermal bridge |
| Insulation | Mineral wool batt | 6" | 152 mm | k = 0.029 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.050 W/(m·K) | R-21 (RSI-3.7) |
| Interior | Type X gypsum drywall | 5/8" | 16 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.56 (RSI-0.10) |
**Total Wall: 9-1/4" (235 mm) | R-12 effective hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-2.1 m²·K/W)**\*\
\*Thermal bridging through steel studs reduces cavity R-21 to approximately R-11 effective. The ventilated cavity adds R-1.0.
***
### Wall Type 6: Stone Veneer Wall
**Natural or manufactured stone facade over wood frame**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| --------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Exterior | Manufactured stone veneer | 4" | 100 mm | k = 1.50 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 2.60 W/(m·K) | R-2.0 (RSI-0.35) |
| **Air cavity** | **Drainage gap** | **3/4"** | **19 mm** | **-** | **R-0.9 (RSI-0.16)** |
| Weather barrier | Building wrap (Class III) | - | - | - | - |
| Sheathing | OSB | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.077 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.133 W/(m·K) | R-0.6 (RSI-0.11) |
| Structure | Wood studs (16" OC) | 5-1/2" (2x6) | 140 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | R-6.9 (RSI-1.21) |
| Insulation | Spray foam (closed-cell) | 5-1/2" | 140 mm | k = 0.016 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.028 W/(m·K) | R-21 (RSI-3.7) |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Wall: 11-3/4" (298 mm) | R-31.8 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-5.6 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 7: SIP (Structural Insulated Panel) Wall
**Factory-built panels for faster construction and superior insulation**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| --------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Exterior | Fiber cement siding | 5/16" | 8 mm | k = 0.29 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.50 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| **Air cavity** | **Ventilated rainscreen gap** | **3/4"** | **19 mm** | **-** | **R-0.9 (RSI-0.16)** |
| Weather barrier | Building wrap (Class III) | - | - | - | - |
| Outer facing | OSB sheathing | 7/16" | 11 mm | k = 0.077 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.133 W/(m·K) | R-0.5 (RSI-0.09) |
| Core | EPS foam insulation | 8-1/4" | 210 mm | k = 0.024 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.041 W/(m·K) | R-33 (RSI-5.8) |
| Inner facing | OSB sheathing | 7/16" | 11 mm | k = 0.077 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.133 W/(m·K) | R-0.5 (RSI-0.09) |
| Service cavity | Furring strips | 1-1/2" | 38 mm | - | - |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Panel: 12-3/16" (310 mm) | R-34.9 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-6.1 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 8: ICF (Insulated Concrete Form) Wall
**Permanent foam formwork with reinforced concrete core**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| ---------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Exterior | Stucco finish | 7/8" | 22 mm | k = 0.41 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.71 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| Outer insulation | EPS foam | 2-5/8" | 67 mm | k = 0.024 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.041 W/(m·K) | R-10 (RSI-1.76) |
| Structure | Reinforced concrete core | 6" | 152 mm | k = 0.90 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 1.56 W/(m·K) | R-0.75 (RSI-0.13) |
| Inner insulation | EPS foam | 2-5/8" | 67 mm | k = 0.024 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.041 W/(m·K) | R-10 (RSI-1.76) |
| Furring | Furring strips | 1-1/2" | 38 mm | - | - |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total ICF: 14-1/4" (362 mm) | R-21 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-3.7 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 9: Interior Non-Load Bearing Partition
**Room divider walls within conditioned space**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| --------------- | ------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Interior finish | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
| Structure | Wood studs (16" OC) | 3-1/2" (2x4) | 89 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | Not applicable |
| Cavity | Empty | - | - | - | Not applicable |
| Interior finish | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Wall: 4-1/2" (114 mm) | Not applicable (interior partition)**
***
### Wall Type 10: Double-Wall High-Performance Assembly
**Super-insulated system for passive house and net-zero buildings**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Exterior | Fiber cement siding | 5/16" | 8 mm | k = 0.29 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.50 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| **Air cavity** | **Ventilated rainscreen gap** | **3/4"** | **19 mm** | **-** | **R-0.9 (RSI-0.16)** |
| Weather barrier | Building wrap (Class III) | - | - | - | - |
| Outer sheathing | OSB | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.077 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.133 W/(m·K) | R-0.6 (RSI-0.11) |
| Outer structure | 2x4 wood studs (24" OC) | 3-1/2" | 89 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | R-4.4 (RSI-0.77) |
| Outer insulation | Dense-pack cellulose | 3-1/2" | 89 mm | k = 0.027 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.047 W/(m·K) | R-13 (RSI-2.3) |
| Mid-layer sheathing | OSB | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.077 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.133 W/(m·K) | R-0.6 (RSI-0.11) |
| Inner structure | 2x4 wood studs (24" OC) | 3-1/2" | 89 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | R-4.4 (RSI-0.77) |
| Inner insulation | Dense-pack cellulose | 3-1/2" | 89 mm | k = 0.027 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.047 W/(m·K) | R-13 (RSI-2.3) |
| Air/vapor control | Vapor-intelligent membrane (Variable Class) | - | - | - | - |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Wall: 13-3/16" (335 mm) | R-36.9 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-6.5 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 11: The "Institutional Wall" (500-Year Wall)
**Maximum durability for museums, libraries, and heritage buildings**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| --------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Exterior | Stone cladding | 2" | 50 mm | k = 1.50 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 2.60 W/(m·K) | R-1.0 (RSI-0.18) |
| **Air cavity** | **Ventilated air space** | **1"** | **25 mm** | **-** | **R-1.0 (RSI-0.18)** |
| Thermal control | Rigid mineral wool | 4" | 100 mm | k = 0.025 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.043 W/(m·K) | R-16 (RSI-2.8) |
| Rain control | Self-adhered membrane (Class II) | - | - | - | - |
| Air control | Self-adhered membrane | - | - | - | - |
| Vapor control | Integrated with air barrier | - | - | - | - |
| Structure | Concrete masonry units | 8" | 200 mm | k = 0.58 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 1.00 W/(m·K) | R-1.2 (RSI-0.21) |
| Interior | Plaster finish | 5/8" | 16 mm | k = 0.41 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.71 W/(m·K) | R-0.5 (RSI-0.09) |
**Total Wall: 15-5/8" (397 mm) | R-19.7 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-3.5 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 12: The "Commercial Wall"
**Optimized metal stud system with all insulation exterior**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| --------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Exterior | Metal panel system | 1" | 25 mm | k = 314 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 543.5 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| **Air cavity** | **Ventilated air space** | **3/4"** | **19 mm** | **-** | **R-0.9 (RSI-0.16)** |
| Thermal control | Rigid polyiso foam (all exterior) | 3" | 75 mm | k = 0.014 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.024 W/(m·K) | R-18 (RSI-3.2) |
| Rain control | Self-adhered membrane (Class II) | - | - | - | - |
| Air control | Self-adhered membrane | - | - | - | - |
| Vapor control | Integrated with air barrier | - | - | - | - |
| Structure | Metal stud frame (24" OC) | 6" | 152 mm | k = 314 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 543.5 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| Cavity | Empty (no insulation) | - | - | - | - |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 5/8" | 16 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.56 (RSI-0.10) |
**Total Wall: 11-3/8" (289 mm) | R-19.5 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-3.4 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 13: The "Residential Wall"
**High-performance wood frame with split insulation strategy**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Exterior | Wood siding | 3/4" | 19 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| **Air cavity** | **Ventilated air space** | **3/4"** | **19 mm** | **-** | **R-0.9 (RSI-0.16)** |
| Thermal control (exterior) | Rigid mineral wool | 2" | 50 mm | k = 0.025 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.043 W/(m·K) | R-8 (RSI-1.4) |
| Rain control | Self-adhered membrane (Class II) | - | - | - | - |
| Air control | Self-adhered membrane | - | - | - | - |
| Vapor control | Integrated with air barrier | - | - | - | - |
| Structure | Wood stud frame (24" OC) | 5-1/2" (2x6) | 140 mm | k = 0.080 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.138 W/(m·K) | R-6.9 (RSI-1.21) |
| Cavity insulation | Dense-pack cellulose | 5-1/2" | 140 mm | k = 0.027 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.047 W/(m·K) | R-20 (RSI-3.5) |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Wall: 10-1/16" (255 mm) | R-36.2 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-6.4 m²·K/W)**
***
### Wall Type 14: Foam-Based Perfect Wall Variation
**Simplified high-performance system using one material for all control layers**
| Layer | Material | Imperial Thickness | Metric Thickness | Thermal Conductivity | Thermal Resistance |
| ------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Exterior | Stucco finish | 7/8" | 22 mm | k = 0.41 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.71 W/(m·K) | Negligible |
| All control layers | Closed-cell spray polyurethane foam | 4" | 100 mm | k = 0.016 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.028 W/(m·K) | R-24 (RSI-4.2) |
| | • Rain control function | - | - | - | - |
| | • Air control function | - | - | - | - |
| | • Vapor control (Class II) | - | - | - | - |
| | • Thermal control | - | - | - | - |
| Structure | Concrete masonry units | 8" | 200 mm | k = 0.58 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 1.00 W/(m·K) | R-1.2 (RSI-0.21) |
| Interior | Gypsum drywall | 1/2" | 13 mm | k = 0.096 Btu/(hr·ft·°F)\
λ = 0.166 W/(m·K) | R-0.45 (RSI-0.08) |
**Total Wall: 13-3/8" (340 mm) | R-25.7 hr·ft²·°F/Btu (RSI-4.5 m²·K/W)**
***
### Vapor Permeance Classifications
| Vapor Class | Permeance | Examples | Typical Applications |
| ------------------ | ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Class I** | ≤ 0.1 perm | 6 mil polyethylene, foil-faced insulation, closed-cell spray foam (≥2") | Interior vapor barriers in cold climates |
| **Class II** | > 0.1 to ≤ 1.0 perm | Self-adhered membranes, kraft facing, closed-cell spray foam (<2") | Exterior air/water barriers, moderate climates |
| **Class III** | > 1.0 to ≤ 10 perm | Standard building wraps (Tyvek, Typar), most paint, unfaced fiberglass | Exterior weather barriers, mild climates |
| **Variable Class** | Changes with RH | Smart vapor retarders (Intello, MemBrain) | High-performance assemblies requiring bi-directional drying |
***
### Final Material Thermal Conductivity Reference Table
| Material | Imperial k-value\
Btu/(hr·ft·°F) | Metric λ-value\
W/(m·K) | Notes |
| ---------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Steel | 314 | 543.5 | Severe thermal bridge |
| Aluminum | 136 | 235.4 | High conductivity |
| Stone (natural) | 1.00-2.00 | 1.73-3.46 | Variable by type |
| Concrete (dense) | 0.90 | 1.56 | High thermal mass |
| CMU (grouted) | 0.58 | 1.00 | Commercial standard |
| Brick (clay) | 0.40-0.50 | 0.69-0.87 | Traditional masonry |
| Stucco/Plaster | 0.40-0.42 | 0.69-0.73 | Finish materials |
| Fiber cement | 0.29 | 0.50 | Siding material |
| Acrylic finish | 0.116 | 0.201 | EIFS coating |
| Gypsum board | 0.096 | 0.166 | Interior finish |
| Vinyl | 0.087 | 0.151 | Cladding material |
| Wood (softwood) | 0.080 | 0.138 | Framing lumber |
| OSB/Plywood | 0.077 | 0.133 | Structural sheathing |
| Mineral wool (batt) | 0.029 | 0.050 | R-3.5 per inch |
| Fiberglass batt | 0.027 | 0.047 | R-3.7 per inch |
| Cellulose (dense-pack) | 0.027 | 0.047 | R-3.7 per inch |
| Mineral wool (rigid) | 0.025 | 0.043 | R-4 per inch |
| EPS foam | 0.024 | 0.041 | R-4 per inch |
| XPS foam | 0.020 | 0.035 | R-5 per inch |
| Closed-cell spray foam | 0.016 | 0.028 | R-6 per inch |
| Polyiso foam | 0.014 | 0.024 | R-6.5 per inch |
**Thermal Conductivity Unit Definitions:**
* **k-value (Imperial):** Btu/(hr·ft·°F)
* **λ-value (Metric):** W/(m·K)
* **Conversion:** λ = k × 1.731
All thermal conductivity values verified against ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals and building science references. Lower values indicate better insulating performance. Materials with k-values above 1.0 are considered thermally conductive rather than insulating.
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