Timber
Document Version: 1.0 Date: November 2025
Engineered Wood Products & Solid Wood
Cross Laminated Timber
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product manufactured by laminating multiple layers of solid sawn lumber or engineered lumber in alternating perpendicular directions. This cross-lamination creates a dimensionally stable, high-strength structural panel suitable for a wide range of applications in construction.
Basic Information
Type
Engineered Wood / Structural Panel
Thickness (m)
0.135
Thickness (mm)
135.0
Colour
Dark Blue
Primary Applications
Structural framing, floor systems, wall panels, roof decking
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity
0.098 W/(m·K)
0.57 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F)
Specific Heat Capacity
1300 J/(kg·K)
0.31 BTU/(lb·°F)
Density
410 kg/m³
25.6 lb/ft³
Thermal Resistance (R-value)
1.377 m²·K/W
7.82 ft²·°F·h/BTU
Heat Capacity (per m²)
13.65 kJ/(m²·K)
2.40 BTU/(ft²·°F)
Vapour Properties
Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ)
500.0
Equivalent Air Layer Thickness (sd-value)
67.5 m
Vapor Resistivity
2500.00 MNs/gm
Vapor Resistance
337.50 MN.s/g
Classification
Class I Vapor Retarder
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Oriented Strand Board combines wood strands bonded with phenol-formaldehyde resin in layers oriented perpendicular to provide strength in multiple directions. Typical applications include structural sheathing, subflooring, wall bracing, and roof decking. 12.5mm thickness represents 1/2" standard sheathing. High µ-value of 812.8 provides significant vapor barrier function requiring ventilation design. Suitable for exterior applications when protected with proper drainage plane. Cost-effective alternative to plywood with similar structural performance. Moisture content affects dimensional stability and thermal properties. Requires edge sealing in wet applications.
Basic Information
Type
Engineered Wood / Structural Sheathing
Thickness (m)
0.0125
Thickness (mm)
12.5
Thickness (inches)
0.492"
Colour
Natural Wood / Tan
Primary Applications
Structural sheathing, subflooring, wall bracing, roof decking
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity
0.092 W/(m·K)
0.53 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F)
Specific Heat Capacity
1880 J/(kg·K)
0.45 BTU/(lb·°F)
Density
650 kg/m³
40.6 lb/ft³
Thermal Resistance (R-value)
0.14 m²·K/W
0.79 ft²·°F·h/BTU
Heat Capacity (per m²)
15.31 kJ/(m²·K)
2.69 BTU/(ft²·°F)
Vapour Properties
Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ)
812.8
sd-value
10.16 m
Vapor Resistivity
4064.00 MNs/gm
Vapor Resistance
50.80 MN.s/g
Perm Rating
0.07 perms
Classification
Class II Vapor Retarder
Plywood
Plywood consists of cross-laminated veneers bonded with phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resin providing strength and stability in multiple directions. 10mm thickness represents 3/8" standard sheathing. Lower µ-value of 274 compared to OSB allows slightly more vapor transmission. Suitable for structural sheathing, subflooring, and interior applications. Vapor permeability varies by veneer orientation and adhesive type. Superior strength-to-weight ratio compared to solid wood. Moisture absorption requires protection from prolonged wetting. Excellent dimensional stability when properly acclimated.
Basic Information
Type
Engineered Wood / Sheathing
Thickness (m)
0.010
Thickness (mm)
10.0
Thickness (inches)
0.394"
Colour
Natural Wood / Tan
Primary Applications
Structural sheathing, subflooring, wall bracing, roof decking
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity
0.15 W/(m·K)
0.87 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F)
Specific Heat Capacity
1500 J/(kg·K)
0.36 BTU/(lb·°F)
Density
700 kg/m³
43.7 lb/ft³
Thermal Resistance (R-value)
0.07 m²·K/W
0.38 ft²·°F·h/BTU
Heat Capacity (per m²)
10.50 kJ/(m²·K)
1.85 BTU/(ft²·°F)
Vapour Properties
Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ)
274.0
sd-value
2.74 m
Vapor Resistivity
1370.00 MNs/gm
Vapor Resistance
13.70 MN.s/g
Perm Rating
0.22 perms
Classification
Class II Vapor Retarder
Softwood
Softwood represents solid lumber from coniferous species (pine, fir, spruce) used for structural and finish applications. Typical thickness 19mm represents 3/4" standard board. Lower density of 400 kg/m³ provides moderate insulation value. The µ-value of 200 provides moderate vapor resistance suitable for breathable construction. Strength properties vary by species, grade, and moisture content. Moisture content 6-9% recommended for interior use. Dimensional stability affected by moisture changes requiring proper acclimation. Excellent workability and availability. Common structural member in residential construction.
Basic Information
Type
Solid Wood / Structural Lumber
Thickness (m)
0.019
Thickness (mm)
19.0
Thickness (inches)
0.748"
Colour
Yellow, Light Brown
Primary Applications
Structural framing, cladding, finish carpentry, roof decking
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity
0.09 W/(m·K)
0.52 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F)
Specific Heat Capacity
1400 J/(kg·K)
0.33 BTU/(lb·°F)
Density
400 kg/m³
25.0 lb/ft³
Thermal Resistance (R-value)
0.21 m²·K/W
1.20 ft²·°F·h/BTU
Heat Capacity (per m²)
10.64 kJ/(m²·K)
1.87 BTU/(ft²·°F)
Vapour Properties
Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ)
200.0
sd-value
3.8 m
Vapor Resistivity
1000.00 MNs/gm
Vapor Resistance
19.00 MN.s/g
Perm Rating
0.30 perms
Classification
Class II Vapor Retarder
Hardwood
Hardwood represents solid lumber from deciduous species (oak, maple, walnut) used primarily for finish and specialty applications. Typical thickness 19mm represents 3/4" standard flooring or board. Higher density of 650 kg/m³ compared to softwood provides greater thermal mass. The µ-value of 200 matches softwood for moderate vapor resistance. Excellent durability and aesthetic qualities. Moisture content 6-9% recommended for interior use. Dimensional stability better than softwood but still affected by moisture. Premium cost limits structural applications. Superior workability and finish quality. Superior strength and hardness properties.
Basic Information
Type
Solid Wood / Flooring & Specialty
Thickness (m)
0.019
Thickness (mm)
19.0
Thickness (inches)
0.748"
Colour
Variable (Oak, Walnut, Maple, etc.)
Primary Applications
Flooring, cladding, structural beams, finish carpentry
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity
0.13 W/(m·K)
0.75 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F)
Specific Heat Capacity
1400 J/(kg·K)
0.33 BTU/(lb·°F)
Density
650 kg/m³
40.6 lb/ft³
Thermal Resistance (R-value)
0.15 m²·K/W
0.83 ft²·°F·h/BTU
Heat Capacity (per m²)
17.33 kJ/(m²·K)
3.05 BTU/(ft²·°F)
Vapour Properties
Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ)
200.0
sd-value
3.8 m
Vapor Resistivity
1000.00 MNs/gm
Vapor Resistance
19.00 MN.s/g
Perm Rating
0.30 perms
Classification
Class II Vapor Retarder
Natural & Bio-based Insulation
Cork
Cork represents renewable material harvested from cork oak bark without harming the tree. Typical thickness 60mm represents underlayment or mid-layer insulation applications. Extremely low µ-value of 10 provides excellent vapor permeability suitable for vapor-open systems. Excellent thermal insulation with conductivity 0.043 W/(m·K) among lowest of natural materials. Elastic recovery >90% after compression. Biodegradable and compostable. Superior acoustic absorption 250-2000 Hz. Non-toxic with no off-gassing. FSC certification ensures sustainable sourcing. Flame resistance class B-s1,d0 in European standards. Minimal embodied carbon compared to synthetic insulation.
Basic Information
Type
Natural Insulation / Bio-based
Thickness (m)
0.060
Thickness (mm)
60.0
Thickness (inches)
2.362"
Colour
Light to Medium Brown
Primary Applications
Floor underlayment, thermal insulation, acoustic damping, vibration isolation
Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity
0.043 W/(m·K)
0.25 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F)
Specific Heat Capacity
1560 J/(kg·K)
0.37 BTU/(lb·°F)
Density
160 kg/m³
10.0 lb/ft³
Thermal Resistance (R-value)
1.40 m²·K/W
7.95 ft²·°F·h/BTU
Heat Capacity (per m²)
14.98 kJ/(m²·K)
2.64 BTU/(ft²·°F)
Vapour Properties
Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ)
10.0
sd-value
0.6 m
Vapor Resistivity
50.00 MNs/gm
Vapor Resistance
3.00 MN.s/g
Perm Rating
5.90 perms
Classification
Class III (Highly Permeable)
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