# Internal

## Finishes & Flooring

### Vinyl Flooring

Vinyl represents synthetic polymer flooring material with excellent durability and moisture resistance. 1.2mm thickness represents standard vinyl sheet flooring. High thermal conductivity of 2.3 W/(m·K) makes it feel cool underfoot. Very high µ-value of 2450 provides nearly impermeable vapor barrier function. Non-porous surface resists staining and water penetration. Superior wear resistance and durability for high-traffic commercial applications. Ease of cleaning and maintenance make it ideal for kitchens and bathrooms. Available in wide range of colors and patterns. Requires moisture management in subfloors to prevent mold growth. Good acoustic dampening properties when underlayment included.

#### Basic Information

| Property             | Value                                                                |
| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Type                 | Synthetic Polymer Flooring                                           |
| Thickness (m)        | 0.0012                                                               |
| Thickness (mm)       | 1.2                                                                  |
| Thickness (inches)   | 0.047"                                                               |
| Colour               | Various                                                              |
| Primary Applications | Residential flooring, commercial flooring, kitchen/bath applications |

#### Thermal Properties

| Property                     | Metric         | Imperial                |
| ---------------------------- | -------------- | ----------------------- |
| Thermal Conductivity         | 2.3 W/(m·K)    | 13.07 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity       | 2300 J/(kg·K)  | 0.549 BTU/(lb·°F)       |
| Density                      | 170 kg/m³      | 10.6 lb/ft³             |
| Thermal Resistance (R-value) | 0.00052 m²·K/W | 0.003 ft²·°F·h/BTU      |

#### Vapour Properties

| Property                                     | Value                  |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ) | 2450.0                 |
| sd-value                                     | 2.94 m                 |
| Vapor Resistivity                            | 12,250.00 MNs/gm       |
| Vapor Resistance                             | 14.70 MN.s/g           |
| Perm Rating                                  | 0.024 perms            |
| Classification                               | Class I Vapor Retarder |

***

### Cork Flooring

Cork represents renewable natural material harvested from cork oak bark providing warmth and comfort. 60mm thickness represents typical cork flooring installation. Excellent thermal insulation with conductivity 0.04 W/(m·K) providing natural warmth underfoot. Low µ-value of 10 allows significant vapor transmission for moisture management. Renewable and sustainable harvested without harming trees. Superior acoustic absorption and sound dampening properties. Natural resilience reduces foot fatigue and joint stress. Excellent thermal comfort and natural appearance. Biodegradable and non-toxic with excellent indoor air quality. Compatible with radiant heating systems.

#### Basic Information

| Property             | Value                                                            |
| -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Type                 | Natural Renewable Flooring                                       |
| Thickness (m)        | 0.060                                                            |
| Thickness (mm)       | 60.0                                                             |
| Thickness (inches)   | 2.362"                                                           |
| Colour               | Natural Brown/Gold                                               |
| Primary Applications | Residential flooring, comfort flooring, sustainable applications |

#### Thermal Properties

| Property                     | Metric         | Imperial                |
| ---------------------------- | -------------- | ----------------------- |
| Thermal Conductivity         | 0.040 W/(m·K)  | 0.227 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity       | 1400 J/(kg·K)  | 0.334 BTU/(lb·°F)       |
| Density                      | 150 kg/m³      | 9.37 lb/ft³             |
| Thermal Resistance (R-value) | 1.50 m²·K/W    | 8.52 ft²·°F·h/BTU       |
| Heat Capacity (per m²)       | 9.00 kJ/(m²·K) | 1.59 BTU/(ft²·°F)       |

#### Vapour Properties

| Property                                     | Value                       |
| -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ) | 10.0                        |
| sd-value                                     | 0.6 m                       |
| Vapor Resistivity                            | 50.00 MNs/gm                |
| Vapor Resistance                             | 3.00 MN.s/g                 |
| Perm Rating                                  | 5.9 perms                   |
| Classification                               | Class III (Vapor-Permeable) |

***

### Hardwood Flooring

Hardwood flooring represents solid wood material providing classic aesthetic appeal and durability. 19mm thickness represents standard solid hardwood plank flooring. Moderate thermal conductivity 0.13 W/(m·K) provides natural warmth. Moderate µ-value of 200 allows some vapor transmission for hygroscopic moisture management. Classic appearance and timeless appeal appreciated for decades. Good acoustic properties and natural warmth underfoot. Excellent durability with 25-50 year service life when properly maintained. Compatible with radiant heating at moderate temperatures. Requires acclimation to local humidity conditions. Renewable when sustainably harvested.

#### Basic Information

| Property             | Value                                                               |
| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Type                 | Solid Wood Flooring                                                 |
| Thickness (m)        | 0.019                                                               |
| Thickness (mm)       | 19.0                                                                |
| Thickness (inches)   | 0.748"                                                              |
| Colour               | Natural Wood Tones                                                  |
| Primary Applications | Residential flooring, commercial flooring, traditional applications |

#### Thermal Properties

| Property                     | Metric          | Imperial                |
| ---------------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------- |
| Thermal Conductivity         | 0.13 W/(m·K)    | 0.738 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity       | 1400 J/(kg·K)   | 0.334 BTU/(lb·°F)       |
| Density                      | 650 kg/m³       | 40.6 lb/ft³             |
| Thermal Resistance (R-value) | 0.146 m²·K/W    | 0.83 ft²·°F·h/BTU       |
| Heat Capacity (per m²)       | 12.35 kJ/(m²·K) | 2.18 BTU/(ft²·°F)       |

#### Vapour Properties

| Property                                     | Value                   |
| -------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ) | 200.0                   |
| sd-value                                     | 3.8 m                   |
| Vapor Resistivity                            | 1000.00 MNs/gm          |
| Vapor Resistance                             | 19.00 MN.s/g            |
| Perm Rating                                  | 0.295 perms             |
| Classification                               | Class II Vapor Retarder |

***

## Masonry & Concrete

### Block (Concrete Masonry Unit)

Concrete masonry block represents structural material with good thermal mass and moisture buffering. 90mm thickness represents standard concrete block dimensions. Moderate thermal conductivity 1.1 W/(m·K) provides thermal mass suitable for mass wall assemblies. High µ-value of 248 provides substantial vapor resistance. Heavy and durable with 50+ year service life. Good acoustic absorption properties. Suitable for below-grade applications and moisture-bearing walls. Excellent compressive strength for structural applications. Hygroscopic properties allow moisture buffering in humid environments. Requires surface finishes to manage water absorption.

#### Basic Information

| Property             | Value                                                       |
| -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| Type                 | Masonry / Concrete Block                                    |
| Thickness (m)        | 0.090                                                       |
| Thickness (mm)       | 90.0                                                        |
| Thickness (inches)   | 3.543"                                                      |
| Colour               | Grey/Natural                                                |
| Primary Applications | Structural walls, load-bearing applications, basement walls |

#### Thermal Properties

| Property                     | Metric           | Imperial               |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------- |
| Thermal Conductivity         | 1.1 W/(m·K)      | 6.25 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity       | 850 J/(kg·K)     | 0.20 BTU/(lb·°F)       |
| Density                      | 2220 kg/m³       | 138.6 lb/ft³           |
| Thermal Resistance (R-value) | 0.082 m²·K/W     | 0.46 ft²·°F·h/BTU      |
| Heat Capacity (per m²)       | 169.70 kJ/(m²·K) | 29.94 BTU/(ft²·°F)     |

#### Vapour Properties

| Property                                     | Value                   |
| -------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ) | 248.0                   |
| sd-value                                     | 22.32 m                 |
| Vapor Resistivity                            | 1240.00 MNs/gm          |
| Vapor Resistance                             | 111.60 MN.s/g           |
| Perm Rating                                  | 0.238 perms             |
| Classification                               | Class II Vapor Retarder |

***

### Concrete

Concrete represents durable cast structural material with excellent thermal mass and load capacity. 150mm thickness represents typical slab and structural element dimensions. Moderate thermal conductivity 2.1 W/(m·K) provides thermal mass for temperature stabilization. High µ-value of 248 provides substantial vapor resistance. Excellent durability with 50+ year service life for properly designed and finished elements. Superior compressive strength for structural applications. Hygroscopic properties allow moisture buffering. Excellent acoustic mass. Requires surface finishes and sealants to manage water absorption. Compatible with radiant heating and cooling systems.

#### Basic Information

| Property             | Value                                                     |
| -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| Type                 | Structural Concrete                                       |
| Thickness (m)        | 0.150                                                     |
| Thickness (mm)       | 150.0                                                     |
| Thickness (inches)   | 5.906"                                                    |
| Colour               | Grey/Natural                                              |
| Primary Applications | Structural slabs, floors, load-bearing walls, foundations |

#### Thermal Properties

| Property                     | Metric           | Imperial                |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------- |
| Thermal Conductivity         | 2.1 W/(m·K)      | 11.93 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity       | 850 J/(kg·K)     | 0.20 BTU/(lb·°F)        |
| Density                      | 2400 kg/m³       | 149.9 lb/ft³            |
| Thermal Resistance (R-value) | 0.071 m²·K/W     | 0.40 ft²·°F·h/BTU       |
| Heat Capacity (per m²)       | 306.00 kJ/(m²·K) | 54.0 BTU/(ft²·°F)       |

#### Vapour Properties

| Property                                     | Value                   |
| -------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ) | 248.0                   |
| sd-value                                     | 37.2 m                  |
| Vapor Resistivity                            | 1240.00 MNs/gm          |
| Vapor Resistance                             | 186.00 MN.s/g           |
| Perm Rating                                  | 0.238 perms             |
| Classification                               | Class II Vapor Retarder |

***

## Ceramic & Tiling

### Ceramic Tile

Ceramic tile represents fired clay material providing durable surface protection and finish. 10mm thickness represents typical ceramic tile for flooring and walls. Very high thermal conductivity 1.3 W/(m·K) makes surface feel cold. Extremely high µ-value of 10,000 provides nearly impermeable vapor barrier. Non-porous surface resists water penetration and staining. Superior durability with 25+ year service life. Excellent chemical and moisture resistance. Easy cleaning and maintenance with minimal care. Non-combustible and fire-rated. Suitable for bathrooms, kitchens, and wet areas. Hygiene benefits with antimicrobial surfaces available. Requires waterproof grout and underlayment for moisture management.

#### Basic Information

| Property             | Value                                                             |
| -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Type                 | Ceramic Surface Finish                                            |
| Thickness (m)        | 0.010                                                             |
| Thickness (mm)       | 10.0                                                              |
| Thickness (inches)   | 0.394"                                                            |
| Colour               | Various                                                           |
| Primary Applications | Bathroom flooring/walls, kitchen backsplash, wet areas, wet rooms |

#### Thermal Properties

| Property                     | Metric        | Imperial               |
| ---------------------------- | ------------- | ---------------------- |
| Thermal Conductivity         | 1.3 W/(m·K)   | 7.38 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity       | 840 J/(kg·K)  | 0.20 BTU/(lb·°F)       |
| Density                      | 2300 kg/m³    | 143.6 lb/ft³           |
| Thermal Resistance (R-value) | 0.0077 m²·K/W | 0.044 ft²·°F·h/BTU     |

#### Vapour Properties

| Property                                     | Value                  |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ) | 10,000.0               |
| sd-value                                     | 100.0 m                |
| Vapor Resistivity                            | 50,000.00 MNs/gm       |
| Vapor Resistance                             | 500.00 MN.s/g          |
| Perm Rating                                  | 0.0059 perms           |
| Classification                               | Class I Vapor Retarder |

***

## Interior Finishes

### Gypsum Plasterboard

Gypsum plasterboard (drywall) represents lightweight interior finish material with moderate vapor permeability. 13mm thickness represents standard interior wall finish. Low thermal conductivity 0.17 W/(m·K) provides modest thermal resistance. Very low µ-value of 8.3 allows excellent vapor transmission for moisture management. Lightweight and easy to install for rapid construction. Non-combustible and fire-resistant providing 15-60 minute fire ratings. Good acoustic absorption when perforated. Excellent for vapor-open assemblies and breathable walls. Moisture-resistant varieties available for bathrooms. Readily recyclable material. Compatible with lime finishes and traditional construction.

#### Basic Information

| Property             | Value                                                              |
| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Type                 | Gypsum Interior Finish                                             |
| Thickness (m)        | 0.013                                                              |
| Thickness (mm)       | 13.0                                                               |
| Thickness (inches)   | 0.512"                                                             |
| Colour               | White/Natural                                                      |
| Primary Applications | Interior walls, ceilings, fire-rated assemblies, acoustic finishes |

#### Thermal Properties

| Property                     | Metric          | Imperial                |
| ---------------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------- |
| Thermal Conductivity         | 0.17 W/(m·K)    | 0.965 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity       | 1000 J/(kg·K)   | 0.239 BTU/(lb·°F)       |
| Density                      | 880 kg/m³       | 54.9 lb/ft³             |
| Thermal Resistance (R-value) | 0.076 m²·K/W    | 0.43 ft²·°F·h/BTU       |
| Heat Capacity (per m²)       | 11.44 kJ/(m²·K) | 2.02 BTU/(ft²·°F)       |

#### Vapour Properties

| Property                                     | Value                       |
| -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ) | 8.3                         |
| sd-value                                     | 0.108 m                     |
| Vapor Resistivity                            | 41.50 MNs/gm                |
| Vapor Resistance                             | 0.54 MN.s/g                 |
| Perm Rating                                  | 7.1 perms                   |
| Classification                               | Class III (Vapor-Permeable) |

***

## Wood Sheathing & Finishes

### Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

Oriented Strand Board combines wood strands bonded with phenol-formaldehyde resin for cost-effective sheathing and flooring. 12.5mm thickness represents standard 1/2" sheathing and flooring applications. Low thermal conductivity 0.092 W/(m·K) provides moderate thermal resistance. High µ-value of 812.8 provides substantial vapor resistance requiring ventilation design. Cost-effective alternative to plywood with similar structural performance. Good moisture resistance with proper edge sealing. Suitable for subflooring, wall bracing, and roof decking. Requires protection from prolonged moisture exposure. Dimensional stability acceptable for most applications. Readily available in standard sizes.

#### Basic Information

| Property             | Value                                                         |
| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Type                 | Engineered Wood Board                                         |
| Thickness (m)        | 0.0125                                                        |
| Thickness (mm)       | 12.5                                                          |
| Thickness (inches)   | 0.492"                                                        |
| Colour               | Natural Wood / Tan                                            |
| Primary Applications | Structural sheathing, subflooring, wall bracing, roof decking |

#### Thermal Properties

| Property                     | Metric          | Imperial                |
| ---------------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------- |
| Thermal Conductivity         | 0.092 W/(m·K)   | 0.522 BTU·in/(h·ft²·°F) |
| Specific Heat Capacity       | 1880 J/(kg·K)   | 0.449 BTU/(lb·°F)       |
| Density                      | 650 kg/m³       | 40.6 lb/ft³             |
| Thermal Resistance (R-value) | 0.136 m²·K/W    | 0.77 ft²·°F·h/BTU       |
| Heat Capacity (per m²)       | 15.25 kJ/(m²·K) | 2.69 BTU/(ft²·°F)       |

#### Vapour Properties

| Property                                     | Value                   |
| -------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Water Vapour Diffusion Resistance Factor (µ) | 812.8                   |
| sd-value                                     | 10.16 m                 |
| Vapor Resistivity                            | 4064.00 MNs/gm          |
| Vapor Resistance                             | 50.80 MN.s/g            |
| Perm Rating                                  | 0.073 perms             |
| Classification                               | Class II Vapor Retarder |

###